Predictors of gambling and problem gambling in Canada

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dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Robert J.
dc.contributor.authorLeonard, Carrie A.
dc.contributor.authorBelanger, Yale D.
dc.contributor.authorChristensen, Darren R.
dc.contributor.authorel-Guebaly, Nady
dc.contributor.authorHodgins, David C.
dc.contributor.authorMcGrath, Daniel S.
dc.contributor.authorNicoll, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Garry J.
dc.contributor.authorStevens, Rhys M. G.
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-31T18:02:58Z
dc.date.available2021-03-31T18:02:58Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionAccepted author manuscript.en_US
dc.description.abstractObjectives:The purpose of this study is to provide an updated profile of gamblers and problem gamblers in Canada and to identify characteristics most strongly associated with problem gambling. Methods: An assessment of gambling participation and problem gambling was included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey and administered to 23,952 individuals 18 years and older. Descriptive statistics provided a demographic profile for each type of gambling involvement as well as category of gambler (non-gambler, non-problem gambler, at-risk gambler,problem gambler). A logistic regression identified characteristics that best distinguished problem from non-problem gamblers. Results: Gambling participation and problem gambling both varied as a function of gender, income, educational attainment, and race/ethnicity. However, multivariate analysis identified electronic gambling machine (EGM) participation to be the primary predictor of problem gambling status, with race/ethnicity, presence of a mood disorder, male gender, casino table game participation, older age, a greater level of smoking, participation in speculative financial activity, instant lottery participation, lower household income, and lottery or raffle ticket participation providing additional predictive power. Provincial EGM density and EGM participation rates are also very strong predictors of provincial rates of at-risk and problem gambling. Conclusion: Problem gambling has a biopsychosocial etiology, determined by personal vulnerability factors combined with the presence of riskier types of gambling such as EGMs. Effective prevention requires a multifaceted approach, but constraints on the availability and operation of EGMs would likely have the greatest single public health benefit.en_US
dc.description.peer-reviewYesen_US
dc.identifier.citationWilliams, R. J., Leonard, C. A., Belanger, Y. D., Christensen, D. R., El-Guebaly, N., Hodgins, D. C., McGrath, D. S., Nicoll, F., Smith, G. J., & Stevens, R. M. G. (2021). Predictors of gambling and problem gambling in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 112, 521-529. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00443-x,en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/5855
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.publisher.facultyHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.publisher.facultyArts and Scienceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridgeen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Albertaen_US
dc.publisher.urlhttps://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00443-xen_US
dc.subjectGamblingen_US
dc.subjectProblem gamblingen_US
dc.subjectDemographicsen_US
dc.subjectBiopsychosocialen_US
dc.subjectEGMen_US
dc.subject.lcshGambling--Canada
dc.subject.lcshGamblers--Canada
dc.subject.lcshGambling--Research--Canada
dc.subject.lcshInternet gambling--Canada
dc.titlePredictors of gambling and problem gambling in Canadaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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Williams, Robert
Belanger, Yale
Christensen, Darren
Stevens, Rhys