Signatures of warm carbon monoxide in protoplanetary discs observed with Herschel SPIRE
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Date
2014
Authors
van der Wiel, M. H. D.
Naylor, David A.
Kamp, I.
Ménard, F.
Thi, W.-F.
Woitke, P.
Olofsson, G.
Pontoppidan, K. M.
Di Francesco, J.
Glauser, A. M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Abstract
Molecular gas constitutes the dominant mass component of protoplanetary discs. To date, these sources have not been studied comprehensively at the longest far-infrared and shortest submillimetre wavelengths. This paper presents Herschel SPIRE FTS spectroscopic observations towards 18 protoplanetary discs, covering the entire 450–1540GHz (666–195 μm) range at ν/ ν ≈ 400–1300. The spectra reveal clear detections of the dust continuum and, in six targets, a significant amount of spectral line emission primarily attributable to 12CO rotational lines. Other targets exhibit little to no detectable spectral lines. Low signal-to-noise detections also include signatures from 13CO, [CI] and HCN. For completeness, we present upper limits of non-detected lines in all targets, including low-energy transitions of H2O and CH+ molecules. The 10 12CO lines that fall within the SPIRE FTS bands trace energy levels of ∼50–500K. Combined with lower and higher energy lines from the literature, we compare the CO rotational line energy distribution with detailed physical–chemical models, for sources where these are available and published. Our 13CO line detections in the disc around Herbig Be star HD 100546 exceed, by factors of ∼10–30, the values predicted by a model that matches a wealth of other observational constraints, including the SPIRE 12COladder. To explain the observed 12CO/13COratio, it may be necessary to consider the combined effects of optical depth and isotope selective (photo)chemical processes. Considering the full sample of 18 objects, we find that the strongest line emission is observed in discs around Herbig Ae/Be stars, although not all show line emission. In addition, two of the six T Tauri objects exhibit detectable 12CO lines in the SPIRE range.
Description
Sherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published version
Keywords
Astrochemistry , Protoplanetary discs , Circumstellar matter , Stars , T Tauri , Herbig Ae/Be
Citation
van der Wiel, M. H. D., Naylor, D. A., Kamp, I., Ménard, F., Thi, W. F., Woitke, P., ... Ivison, R. J. (2014). Signatures of warm carbon monoxide in protoplanetary discs observed with Herschel SPIRE. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 444(4), 3911-3925. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1462