Business/Management

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    Leader-member exchanges and choice of influence tactics
    (Elsevier, 1989) Ansari, Mahfooz A.
    The present study examined the influence dynamics in leader-member dyads, using roleplaying scenarios. The scenarios varied in terms of (a) leaders' perspective and members' perspective and (b) quality of exchange in the dyad (IN/OUT-group). Influence in dyads revealed interesting dynamics, though the study received only limited support for the hypothesis. The leader showed a likelihood of using different influence tactics for IN/OUTgroup subordinates. IN/OUT-group subordinates in turn also differed in their use of tactics to influence the leader. The implications of the findings are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
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    Making the next move : how experiential and vicarious learning shape the locations of Chains' acquisitions
    (Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, 2000-12) Usher, John; Baum, Joel A.C.; Xiano, Stan
    We examine acquisitions by multiunit chain organizations to determine why they acquire a particular target rather than others that are available to them and thus better understand chain growth.
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    [Review of "Taking on the world: globalization strategies in Malaysia" by Sieh Lee Mei Ling]
    (Academy of Management, 2002) Ansari, Mahfooz A.
    Book review
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    Fairness of human resource management practices, leader-member exchange and organizational commitment
    (Universite Sains Malaysia, 2004) Kee, Daisy M. H.; Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Aafaqi, Rehana
    The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that relations between fairness perception of human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational commitment are affected by the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX). Specifically, we predicted the unique (positive) contribution of fairness perception of HRM practices and LMX as well as their interaction to organizational commitment. A sample of 224 managers was drawn from nine diverse multinational, manufacturing companies located in Northern Malaysia. Participation in the research was voluntary. Data were gathered by means of a survey questionnaire that consisted of a series of psychometrically sound scales to assess the employed variables in the study. Hierarchical multiple regression results provided support for the direct impact of fairness perceptions and LMX on each component of commitment. But significant interactions were convincingly evident only in the case of affective commitment. These interactions suggest that the impact of fairness perceptions of HRM practices on affective commitment is not unconditional. Key implications of the survey findings both for theory and practice are discussed, potential limitations are specified, and directions for future research are suggested.
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    Ethical reasoning: the impact of ethical dilemma, egoism and belief in just world
    (Universite Sains Malaysia, 2005) Ahmad, Noor H.; Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Aafaqi, Rehana
    Following a 3 [dilemma: coercion and control (CC); conflict of interest (CI); personal integrity (PI)] × 2 (egoism: self; organization) × 2 (belief in just world (BJW): strong; weak) between-subjects factorial design, we hypothesized the main effects of ethical dilemma, egoism, and BJW, and their interaction on ethical reasoning. The first two factors were manipulated by means of six vignettes and the last factor was a subject variable. Experimental participants were 384 managers representing 14 manufacturing organizations. Overall, utilitarian reasoning appeared to be a frequently used type of reasoning in relation to personal integrity dilemma involving self-interest, whereas principled reasoning appeared to be a frequently used reasoning in relation to personal integrity dilemma involving organizational-interest. BJW interacted strongly with the two manipulated factors in predicting ethical reasoning. Implications of the study are discussed, potential caveats are specified and recommendations for future research are provided.
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    Promoting Alcohol Abstinence among Pregnant Women: Potential Social Change Strategies
    (Haworth Press, Inc., 2006-11-28) Deshpande, Sameer; Basil, Michael D.; Basford, Lynn; Thorpe, Karran; Piquette-Tomei, Noëlla A.; Droessler, Judith; Cardwell, Kelly; Williams, Robert J.; Bureau, Alexandre
    Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder (FASD) is one of the most preventable sources of developmental abnormalities, and has a singular cause-alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Estimates for the costs of treatment of a single case of FASD range often above one million dollars. The primary strategy for prevention currently centers on no alcohol consumption during pregnancy. However, a sizeable number of North American women currently drink during pregnancy. A literature review examined the behavior of maternal alcohol consumption in order to understand the rationale associated with drinking. Generally, it appears that pregnant women differ by their alcohol consumption habits and their reasons to drink. In an attempt to eliminate FASD, we review a number of educational, legal, and community-based programs that have been used to promote abstinence and examine where they have been successful. Unfortunately, social marketing strategies have received less attention. Several potential applications of social marketing directed to drinkingduringpregnancy campaigns are suggested, and possible contributions to the overall effort are explained.
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    A macromarketing analysis of prescription drugs in the U.S.
    (Journal of Research for Consumers, 2008) Wymer, Walter
    The U.S. prescription drug macromarketing system is examined. Over time, this system has become unbalanced. The system has evolved into one in which market competition has been restricted. This market system now has substantial entry barriers, producer collusion, and extensive linkages between producers and government resulting in government protection of producers. Suggested reforms are offered which aim to bring into greater harmony the interests of both producers and society, while acknowledging the importance of prescription drugs to society and maintaining producer incentives to invest in research and development of innovative new drugs.
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    Factors influencing auditors' going concern opinion
    (Universite Sains Malaysia, 2009) Haron, Hasnah; Hartadi, Bambang; Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Ismail, Ishak
    The main purpose of our study is to provide evidence the practically consideration of auditor judgement on going concern opinion. By using quasi experimental, we found strong evidence that auditors' judgement is affected by financial indicators, evidence, and disclosure. We have another finding that consensus among auditors' judgement and the interaction effects between the three independent variables is significant.
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    Supervisor vs. subordinate perception on leader-member exchange quality: a Malaysian perspective
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2009) Ang, Magdalene Chooi Hwa; Jantani, Muhamad; Ansari, Mahfooz A.
    There is considerable research evidence (e.g., Campbell, White, & Johnson, 2003; Schriesheim, Neider, & Scandura, 1998; Xin, 2004) to suggest that supervisors and subordinates do not agree about the quality of their relationships. Since these past studies were mainly found in the western countries, this study was undertaken to investigate the dimensionality of a specific leader-member exchange (LMX) measure across two different samples in the Malaysian context. Accordingly, we employed a principal components analysis on LMX data obtained from two different sources: 229 employees and their 109 immediate supervisors representing various organizations in Northern Malaysia. As expected, we found that employees’ perceptions of the quality of exchanges differ from those of their supervisors. The implications of these findings for future research on LMX are discussed.
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    Towards coherence : fitting together opportunities and capabilities. Research units and acquisition of funds
    (University of Lugano, 2011-03) Usher, John; Montauti, Martina; Lepori, Benedetto
    The ability of [research] units in conceiving and implementing strategies aimed at improving their organizational performance, especially through the acquisition of financial resources necessary for their tasks, has been a central topic of investigation (Weisenburger and Mangematin 1995) and it is still matter for discussion.
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    A review of scale development practices in nonprofit management and marketing
    (Centre of Sociological Research, 2012) Wymer, Walter; Alves, Helena Maria Baptista
    We describe a set of recommended practices for scale development research in nonprofit management and marketing. General process issues are described followed by recommendations for EFA and CFA components of scaling research. Implications for researchers, journal editors and reviewers are discussed.
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    Turnover intentions and political influence behavior: a test of "fight-or-flight" responses to organizational injustice
    (Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, 2012) Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Aafaqi, Rehana; Chow, May Sim
    We examined the role of organizational frustration as a linking mechanism between the perception of organizational injustice and fight (political influence behavior)/flight (turnover intentions) responses. The participants were 201 middle-level managers drawn from manufacturing and logistic companies in northern Malaysia. Data were collected by means of a printed questionnaire. Whereas all the three components of injustice--procedural, distributive, and interactional--had significant positive impact on turnover intentions and political influence behavior, only procedural injustice and distributive injustice had such impact on frustration. Interestingly, organizational frustration played a partial mediating role in the relationship of distributive and procedural injustice with turnover intentions and political influence behavior. Implications of the findings for those in managerial roles and directions for future research are suggested.
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    The influence of marketing scholarship's legacy on nonprofit marketing
    (M D P I A G, 2013) Wymer, Walter
    This inquiry contributes to the literature on the development of “nonprofit marketing thought” by describing how the field’s early period established a legacy effect on nonprofit marketing scholarship to the present day. This qualitative work uses a wide variety of sources from a protracted historical period in order to more fully inform a perspective on the relevant issues that have influenced the development of nonprofit marketing scholarship. The investigation suggests that, although the debate on whether or not marketing is a science was nominally resolved years ago, the origins of marketing scholarships as an applied business discipline remain influential. The effects on this influence is a body of research that is fragmented, conflicted, sometimes invalid, and has produced few general theories indicative of a social science. Recommendations are offered for improving the quality of nonprofit marketing scholarship.
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    Nonprofit brand strength's moderational role
    (Ekonomski fakultet u Osijeku, 2014) Wymer, Walter
    The nature and characteristics of the nonprofit brand strength construct are conceptualized. Brand strength is defined as a multidimensional construct, composed by brand familiarity, brand remarkability, and brand attitude. Brand familiarity refers to the level of knowledge the target audience has about the brand object. Brand attitude refers to the degree to which a brand object is perceived favorably by a target group. Brand remarkability refers to the degree to which a brand object is perceived by a target group to be extraordinary. In the brand management nomological net, brand strength acts as a moderator, influencing the strength of the relationship between marketing tactics (antecedents) and marketing outcomes (consequents). Brand strength’s inter-dimensional relationships are conceptualized. A brand strength strategy grid is presented, which informs brand management strategy based on a brand’s current levels of brand familiarity and brand remarkability.
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    Social support and supervisory quality interventions in the workplace: a stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on work outcomes
    (National Iranian Oil Company (N I O C) Polyclinics, 2015) Wagner, S. L.; White, M. I.; Schultz, I. Z.; Williams-Whitt, Kelly; Koehn, C.; Dionne, C. E.; Koehoorn, M.; Harder, H. G.; Pasca, R.; Wärje, O.; Hsu, V.; McGuire, L.; Lama, I.; Schulz, W.; Kube, D.; Wright, M. D.
    Background: There is controversy surrounding the impact of workplace interventions aimed at improving social support and supervisory quality on absenteeism, productivity and financial outcomes. Objective: To determine the value of social support interventions for work outcomes. Methods: Databases were searched for systematic reviews between 2000 and 2012 to complete a synthesis of systematic reviews guided by the PRISMA statement and the IOM guidelines for systematic reviews. Assessment of articles for inclusion and methodological quality was conducted independently by at least two researchers, with differences resolved by consensus. Results: The search resulted in 3363 titles of which 3248 were excluded following title/ abstract review, leaving 115 articles that were retrieved and underwent full article review. 10 articles met the set inclusion criteria, with 7 focusing on social support, 2 on supervisory quality and 1 on both. We found moderate and limited evidence, respectively, that social support and supervisory quality interventions positively impact workplace outcomes. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence that social support and limited evidence that supervisory quality interventions have a positive effect on work outcomes.
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    Job demand and control interventions: a stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on workplace disability
    (National Iranian Oil Company (N I O C) Polyclinics, 2015) Williams-Whitt, Kelly; White, M. I.; Wagner, S. L.; Schultz, I. Z.; Koehn, C.; Dionne, C. E.; Koehoorn, M.; Harder, H.; Pasca, R.; Wärje, O.; Hsu, V.; McGuire, L.; Schulz, W.; Kube, D.; Hook, A.; Wright, M. D.
    Background: Physical and psychological job demands in combination with the degree of control a worker has over task completion, play an important role in reducing stress. Occupational stress is an important, modifiable factor affecting work disability. However, the effectiveness of reducing job demands or increasing job control remains unclear, particularly for outcomes of interest to employers, such as absenteeism or productivity. Objective: This systematic review reports on job demand and control interventions that impact absenteeism, productivity and financial outcomes. Methods: A stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis was conducted with researcher and stakeholder collaboration throughout. Databases and grey literature were searched for systematic reviews between 2000 and 2012: Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, TRIP, health-evidence.ca, Rehab+, National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC), and Institute for Work and Health. Articles were assessed independently by two researchers for inclusion criteria and methodological quality. Differences were resolved through consensus. Results: The search resulted in 3363 unique titles. After review of abstracts, 115 articles were retained for full-text review. 11 articles finally met the inclusion criteria and are summarized in this synthesis. The best level of evidence we found indicates that multimodal job demand reductions for either at-work or off-work workers will reduce disability-related absenteeism. Conclusion: In general, the impacts of interventions that aim to reduce job demands or increase job control can be positive for the organization in terms of reducing absenteeism, increasing productivity and cost-effectiveness. However, more high quality research is needed to further assess the relationships and quantify effect sizes for the interventions and outcomes reviewed in this study.
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    Characteristics of top tier finance journal publications
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Asem, Ebenezer; Baulkaran, Vishaal
    This paper examines the characteristics of "top tier" finance journal publications relative to "second tier" finance publications. We study ten leading finance journals and classify the top four journals as "top tier" and the remaining six as "second tier" journals. Using a sample of 3, 156 different articles with 7, 103 different authors and a Logit model, the results highlight the following characteristics: papers presented at WFA, AFA, and seminars, and have multiple colleague comments tend to be published in the top tier journals. Also, authors who graduated from or are affiliated with the top business schools tend to publish in the top tier journals.
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    Mental health interventions in the workplace and work outcomes: a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews
    (National Iranian Oil Company (N I O C) Polyclinics, 2016) Wagner, S. L.; Koehn, C.; White, M. I.; Harder, H. G.; Schultz, I. Z.; Williams-Whitt, Kelly; Wärje, O.; Dionne, C. E.; Koehoorn, M.; Pasca, R.; Hsu, V.; McGuire, L.; Schulz, W.; Kube, D.; Wright, M. D.
    Background: Mental health issues in the workplace are a growing concern among organizations and policymakers, but it remains unclear what interventions are effective in preventing mental health problems and their associated organizational consequences. This synthesis reports on workplace mental health interventions that impact absenteeism, productivity and financial outcomes. Objective: To determine the level of evidence supporting mental health interventions as valuable to work outcomes. Methods: Databases were searched for systematic reviews between 2000 and 2012: Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and TRIP. Grey literature searches included health-evidence.ca, Rehab+, National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC), and Institute for Work and Health. The assessment of articles for inclusion criteria and methodological quality was conducted independently by two or more researchers, with differences resolved through consensus. Results: The search resulted in 3363 titles, of which 3248 were excluded following title/abstract review, with 115 articles retrieved for full-text review. 14 articles finally met the inclusion criteria and are summarized in this synthesis. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence for the effectiveness of workplace mental health interventions on improved workplace outcomes. Certain types of programs, such as those incorporating both mental and physical health interventions, multicomponent mental health and/or psychosocial interventions, and exposure in vivo containing interventions for particular anxiety disorders had a greater level of research evidence to support their effectiveness.
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    Is case teaching right for you?: insights on case teaching for the case novice
    (University of Lethbridge, Teaching Centre, 2016) Basil, Debra
    No abstract provided
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    Physical activity and exercise interventions in the workplace impacting work outcomes: a stakeholder-centered best evidence synthesis of systematic reviews
    (National Iranian Oil Company (N I O C) Polyclinics, 2016) White, M. I.; Dionne, C. E.; Wärje, O.; Koehoorn, M.; Wagner, S. L.; Schultz, I. Z.; Koehn, C.; Williams-Whitt, Kelly; Harder, H. G.; Pasca, R.; Hsu, V.; McGuire, L.; Schulz, W.; Kube, D.; Wright, M. D.
    Background: The prevention of work disability is beneficial to employees and employers,, and mitigates unnecessary societal costs associated with social welfare. Many service providers and employers have initiated workplace interventions designed to reduce unnecessary work disability. Objective: To conduct a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on workplace interventions that address physical activities or exercise and their impact on workplace absence, work productivity or financial outcomes. Methods: Using a participatory research approach, academics and stakeholders identified inclusion and exclusion criteria, built an abstraction table, evaluated systematic review quality and relevance, and interpreted the combined findings. A minimum of two scientists participated in a methodological review of the literature followed by a consensus process. Results: Stakeholders and researchers participated as a collaborative team. 3363 unique records were identified, 115 full text articles and 46 systematic reviews were included, 18 assessed the impact of physical fitness or exercise interventions. 11 focused on general workers rather than workers who were absent from work at baseline; 16 of the reviews assessed work absence, 4 assessed productivity and 6 assessed financial impacts. Conclusion: The strongest evidence supports the use of short, simple exercise or fitness programs for both workers at work and those absent from work at baseline. For workers at work, simple exercise programs (1–2 modal components) appear to provide similar benefits to those using more complex multimodal interventions. For workers off-work with subacute low back pain, there is evidence that some complex exercise programs may be more effective than simple exercise interventions, especially if they involve workplace stakeholder engagement, communication and coordination with employers and other stakeholders. The development and utilization of standardized definitions, methods and measures and blinded evaluation would improve research quality and strengthen stakeholder-centered guidance.