Williams, Robert

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Browsing Williams, Robert by Author "Chang, Samuel Y."

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    A Comprehensive and Comparative Review of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcome
    (Blackwell Publishing, 2000) Williams, Robert J.; Chang, Samuel Y.
    There are relatively few studies on adolescent substance abuse treatment. The ones that exist tend to be methodologically weak. Methodologically stronger studies have usually found most adolescents receiving treatment to have significant reductions in substance use and problems in other life areas in the year following treatment. Average rate of sustained abstinence after treatment is 38% (range 30-55) at 6 months and 32% at 12 months (range 14-47). Variables most consistently related to successful outcome are treatment completion, low pre-treatment substance use, and peer/parent social support/nonuse of substances. There is evidence that treatment is superior to no treatment, but insufficient evidence to compare the effectiveness of treatment types. The exception to this is that outpatient family therapy appears superior to other forms of outpatient treatment.
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    Methylphenidate and Dextroamphetamine Abuse in Substance-Abusing Adolescents
    (Taylor & Francis, 2004) Williams, Robert J.; Goodale, Leslie A.; Shay-Fiddler, Michele A.; Gloster, Susan P.; Chang, Samuel Y.
    The prevalence of methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine misuse and abuse was examined in 450 adolescents referred for substance abuse treatment. Twenty three percent reported nonmedical use of these substances and six percent were diagnosed as methylphenidate or dextroamphetamine abusers. Abuse was more common in individuals who were out of school and had an eating disorder. Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine abuse appears to be much less common than abuse of most other substances. It does occur, however, and parents and schools need to exert greater control over the dispensing of these medications. Physicians are advised to prescribe non-stimulant medications (e.g., bupropion) when treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in substance-abusing individuals.