The functions and mechanisms of predator-associated vocalisations in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus)
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Date
2009
Authors
Digweed, Shannon Marie
University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2009
Abstract
North American red squirrels are a solitary, territorial species that confront various
predators. Previous research proposed that squirrels produce predator-specific, referential
‘seet’ and ‘bark’ alarm calls to aerial and ground predators, respectively. To test this
hypothesis, I examined alarm call production during natural encounters with predators,
conspecific intruders and in a series of predator simulation experiments. Call production
patterns were consistent across all types of disturbance and involved protracted bouts
where both call types were inter-mixed. Hence, the call types were not predator-specific
but rather their patterning reflected the persistence of disturbances of any type. Tests of
alternative call functions further indicated that calls were not actually directed at
conspecifics, but rather at predators and intruders and might function to deter or repel
them directly. These outcomes are consistent with life-history details of red squirrels and
contradict the proposal that this species produces predator-specific, referential alarm
calls.
Description
xi, 153 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
Keywords
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus -- Vocalization , Sound production by animals , Dissertations, Academic