Geography and Environment

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Browsing Geography and Environment by Subject "218 B.C."

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    Hannibal's trek across the Alps: geomorphological analysis of sites of geoarchaeological interest
    (University of the Aegean, 2008) Mahaney, William C.; Kalm, Volli; Dirszowsky, Randy W.; Milner, Michael W.; Sodhi, Rana; Beukens, Roelf; Dorn, Ron; Tricart, Pierre; Schwartz, Stéphane; Chamorro-Perez, Eva; Boccia, Sal; Barendregt, René W.; Krinsley, D. H.; Seaquist, E. R.; Merrick, David; Kapran, Barbara
    A ~2200 year-old question related to Hannibal’s invasion route across the Alps into Italia, has been argued by classicists without recovery of material evidence. A comparison of topographical descriptions in the ancient literature with environmental parameters in the Alps, attempted here for the first time, provides a database against which various pathways can be assessed. Identification of sites using geological, geomorphological, astronomical, chemical and petrological methods leads to the exclusion of certain transit points and targeting of others where geoarchaeological excavation might yield important evidence related to the military culture of ancient Carthage
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    Historical archaeology of the Hannibalic invasion of Italia: technical applications
    (Society for Historical Archaeology, 2008) Mahaney, William C.; Milner, Michael W.; Kapran, Barbara; Tricart, Pierre; Schwartz, Stéphane; Barendregt, René W.; Krinsley, David H.; Dorn, Ronald I.; Trapido-Lurie, Barbara; Boccia, Sal; Sodhi, Rana N. S.; Kalm, Volli; Beukens, Roelf
    Previous attempts to plot the exact invasion route of the Punic army in 218 B.c. have been limited, with one excep- tion (de Beer 1967, 1969), to analysis of topography and previous historical arguments based on the interpretation of classical texts written by Polybius and livy. eliciting environmental information from classical literature led to a focus on environmental landmarks, including the rockfall that blocked the army on the lee side of the alps, a firing event described by livy, and the regrouping area where the army rested after conflict with the gauls and the trek over a major col of passage into italia.The use of various scientific methods to analyze these three major sites/events has led to a conclusive identification of the invasion route, and sites of interest to geoarchaeologists