Growth of malignant extracranial tumors alters microRNAome in the prefrontal cortext of TumorGraft mice

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dc.contributor.authorKovalchuk, Anna
dc.contributor.authorIlnytskyy, Yaroslav
dc.contributor.authorRodriquez-Juarez, Rocio
dc.contributor.authorKatz, Amanda
dc.contributor.authorSidransky, David
dc.contributor.authorKolb, Bryan
dc.contributor.authorKovalchuk, Olga
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-24T22:38:33Z
dc.date.available2019-01-24T22:38:33Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.descriptionSherpa Romeo blue journal. Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC BY 3.0) appliesen_US
dc.description.abstractA wide array of central nervous system complications, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairments occur and persist as a result of systemic cancer and cancer treatments. This condition is known as chemo brain and it affects over half of cancer survivors. Recent studies reported that cognitive impairments manifest before chemotherapy and are much broader than chemo brain alone, thereby adding in tumor brain as a component. The molecular mechanisms of chemo brain are underinvestigated, and the mechanisms of tumor brain have not been analyzed at all. The frequency and timing, as well as the long-term persistence, of chemo brain and tumor brain suggest they may be epigenetic in nature. MicroRNAs, small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, constitute an important part of the cellular epigenome and are potent regulators of gene expression. miRNAs are crucial for brain development and function, and are affected by a variety of different stresses, diseases and conditions. However, nothing is known about the effects of extracranial tumor growth or chemotherapy agents on the brain microRNAome. We used the well-established TumorGraft TM mouse models of triple negative (TNBC) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+BC) breast cancer, and profiled global microRNAome changes in tumor-bearing mice upon chemotherapy, as compared to untreated tumor-bearing mice and intact mice. Our analysis focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), based on its roles in memory, learning, and executive functions, and on published data showing the PFC is a target in chemo brain. This is the first study showing that tumor presence alone significantly impacted the small RNAome of PFC tissues. Both tumor growth and chemotherapy treatment affected the small RNAome and altered levels of miRNAs, piRNAs, tRNAs, tRNA fragments and other molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Amongst those, miRNA changes were the most pronounced, involving several miRNA families, such as the miR-200 family and miR-183/96/182 cluster; both were deregulated in tumor-bearing and chemotherapy-treated animals. We saw that miRNA deregulation was associated with altered levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays an important role in cognition and memory and is one of the known miRNA targets. BDNF downregulation has been associated with an array of neurological conditions and could be one of the mechanisms underlying tumor brain and chemo brain. In the future our study could serve as a roadmap for further analysis of cancer and chemotherapy’s neural side effects, and differentially expressed miRNAs should be explored as potential tumor brain and chemo brain biomarkers.en_US
dc.description.peer-reviewYesen_US
dc.identifier.citationKovalchuk, A., Ilnytskyy, Y., Rodriguez-Juarez, R., Katz, A., Sidransky, D., Kolb, B., & Kovalchuk, O. (2017). Growth of malignant extracranial tumors alters microRNAome in the prefrontal cortex of TumorGraft mice. Oncotarget, 8(51), 88276-88293. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19835en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/5278
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherImpact Journalsen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Biological Sciencesen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Neuroscienceen_US
dc.publisher.facultyArts and Scienceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridgeen_US
dc.publisher.institutionChampions Oncologyen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen_US
dc.publisher.urlhttps://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19835
dc.subjectChemo brainen_US
dc.subjectTumor brainen_US
dc.subjectEpigeneticsen_US
dc.subjectMicroRNAen_US
dc.subjectGerotargeten_US
dc.subjectNeural side effects
dc.subjectCognitive impairment
dc.subjectPrefrontal cortex
dc.subject.lcshCancer--Chemotherapy--Complications
dc.subject.lcshCognition disorders
dc.titleGrowth of malignant extracranial tumors alters microRNAome in the prefrontal cortext of TumorGraft miceen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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