Different evolutionary origins for the reach and the grasp: an explanation for dual visuomotor channels in primate parietofrontal cortex

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dc.contributor.authorKarl, Jenni M.
dc.contributor.authorWhishaw, Ian Q.
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-18T22:06:07Z
dc.date.available2017-10-18T22:06:07Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.descriptionSherpa Romeo green journal; open accessen_US
dc.description.abstractThe Dual Visuomotor Channel Theory proposes that manual prehension consists of two temporally integrated movements, each subserved by distinct visuomotor pathways in occipitoparietofrontal cortex. The Reach is mediated by a dorsomedial pathway and transports the hand in relation to the target’s extrinsic properties (i.e., location and orientation). The Grasp is mediated by a dorsolateral pathway and opens, preshapes, and closes the hand in relation to the target’s intrinsic properties (i.e., size and shape). Here, neuropsychological, developmental, and comparative evidence is reviewed to show that the Reach and the Grasp have different evolutionary origins. First, the removal or degradation of vision causes prehension to decompose into its constituent Reach and Grasp components, which are then executed in sequence or isolation. Similar decomposition occurs in optic ataxic patients following cortical injury to the Reach and the Grasp pathways and after corticospinal tract lesions in non-human primates. Second, early non-visual PreReach and PreGrasp movements develop into mature Reach and Grasp movements but are only integrated under visual control after a prolonged developmental period. Third, comparative studies reveal many similarities between stepping movements and the Reach and between food handling movements and the Grasp, suggesting that the Reach and the Grasp are derived from different evolutionary antecedents. The evidence is discussed in relation to the ideas that dual visuomotor channels in primate parietofrontal cortex emerged as a result of distinct evolutionary origins for the Reach and the Grasp; that foveated vision in primates serves to integrate the Reach and the Grasp into a single prehensile act; and, that flexible recombination of discrete Reach and Grasp movements under various forms of sensory and cognitive control can produce adaptive behavioren_US
dc.description.peer-reviewYesen_US
dc.identifier.citationKarl, J. M., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2013). Different evolutionary origins for the reach and the grasp: An explanation for dual visuomotor channels in primate parietofrontal cortex. Frontiers in Neurology, 4:208. doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00208en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/4938
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Neuroscienceen_US
dc.publisher.facultyArts and Scienceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridgeen_US
dc.subjectPrehensionen_US
dc.subjectReachen_US
dc.subjectGraspen_US
dc.subjectJeanneroden_US
dc.subjectDual visuomotor channelsen_US
dc.subjectParietofrontal cortexen_US
dc.subjectVisually guided graspingen_US
dc.subjectHaptically guided graspingen_US
dc.subjectEvolutionary originsen_US
dc.subjectVisual controlen_US
dc.subjectVisual occlusionen_US
dc.titleDifferent evolutionary origins for the reach and the grasp: an explanation for dual visuomotor channels in primate parietofrontal cortexen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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