Profound and sexually dimorphic effects of clinically-relevant low dose scatter irradiation on the brain and behavior

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dc.contributor.authorKovalchuk, Anna
dc.contributor.authorMychasiuk, Richelle
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad, Arif
dc.contributor.authorHossain, Shakhawat
dc.contributor.authorIlnytskyy, Yaroslav
dc.contributor.authorGhose, Abhijit
dc.contributor.authorKirkby, Charles
dc.contributor.authorGhasroddashti, Esmaeel
dc.contributor.authorKolb, Bryan
dc.contributor.authorKovalchuk, Olga
dc.date.accessioned2016-11-22T21:23:37Z
dc.date.available2016-11-22T21:23:37Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.descriptionSherpa Romeo green journal: open accessen_US
dc.description.abstractIrradiated cells can signal damage and distress to both close and distant neighbors that have not been directly exposed to the radiation (naïve bystanders). While studies have shown that such bystander effects occur in the shielded brain of animals upon body irradiation, their mechanism remains unexplored. Observed effects may be caused by some blood-borne factors; however they may also be explained, at least in part, by very small direct doses received by the brain that result from scatter or leakage. In order to establish the roles of low doses of scatter irradiation in the brain response, we developed a new model for scatter irradiation analysis whereby one rat was irradiated directly at the liver and the second rat was placed adjacent to the first and received a scatter dose to its body and brain. This work focuses specifically on the response of the latter rat brain to the low scatter irradiation dose. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence that very low, clinically relevant doses of scatter irradiation alter gene expression, induce changes in dendritic morphology, and lead to behavioral deficits in exposed animals. The results showed that exposure to radiation doses as low as 0.115 cGy caused changes in gene expression and reduced spine density, dendritic complexity, and dendritic length in the prefrontal cortex tissues of females, but not males. In the hippocampus, radiation altered neuroanatomical organization in males, but not in females. Moreover, low dose radiation caused behavioral deficits in the exposed animals. This is the first study to show that low dose scatter irradiation influences the brain and behavior in a sex-specific way.en_US
dc.description.peer-reviewYesen_US
dc.identifier.citationKovalchuk, A., Mychasiuk, R., Muhammad, A., Hossain, S., Ilnytskyy, Y., Ghose, A., ... Kovalchuk, O. (2016). Profound and sexually dimorphic effects of clinically-relevant low dose scatter irradiation on the brain and behavior. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(84). doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00084en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/4727
dc.language.isoen_CAen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Neuroscienceen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Biological Sciencesen_US
dc.publisher.facultyArts and Scienceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridgeen_US
dc.publisher.institutionAlberta Epigenetics Networken_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionAlberta Health Servicesen_US
dc.publisher.institutionCanadian Institute for Advanced Researchen_US
dc.subjectLow dose radiationen_US
dc.subjectLow-level radiationen_US
dc.subjectPrefrontal cortexen_US
dc.subjectGene expressionen_US
dc.subjectNeuroanatomyen_US
dc.subjectDendritic morphologyen_US
dc.subjectBehavioral analysisen_US
dc.subjectNeurobehavioral disordersen_US
dc.subjectBrain--Effect of radiation onen_US
dc.subjectRats -- Effect of radiation onen_US
dc.titleProfound and sexually dimorphic effects of clinically-relevant low dose scatter irradiation on the brain and behavioren_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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