Flow theory: advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization

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dc.contributor.authorLavoie, Raymond
dc.contributor.authorMain, Kelley
dc.contributor.authorStuart-Edwards, Anastasia
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-28T22:06:00Z
dc.date.available2025-08-28T22:06:00Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionOpen access article. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) applies
dc.description.abstracthis research advances the conceptualization and measurement of flow. The results of six studies (N = 2809) reveal that flow has two dimensions: “fluency,” which is comprised of experiences related to fluent thought and action; and “absorption,” which is based on sustained full attention. The results also demonstrate that the two dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables. Specifically, while the fluency dimension is related to antecedents of flow (familiarity, skill, progress), the absorption dimension is not. Conversely, the absorption dimension was found to be strongly related to consequences of flow (behavioral intentions, presence), while the fluency dimension was not. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fluency-related experiences can give rise to the absorption-related experiences, which advances our understanding of how flow emerges. Finally, we develop a refined measure of flow called the two-dimensional-flow scale, and demonstrate its enhanced ability to capture variance in flow and other related variables in leisure contexts.
dc.description.peer-reviewYes
dc.identifier.citationLavoie, R., Main, K., & Stuart-Edwards, A. (2021). Flow theory: Advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization. Motivation and emotion, 46, 38-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09911-4
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/7113
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.publisher.facultyDhillon School of Business
dc.publisher.institutionMerrimack College
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Manitoba
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridge
dc.publisher.urlhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09911-4
dc.subjectFlow
dc.subjectAbsorption
dc.subjectFluency
dc.subjectPresence
dc.subjectScale development
dc.subject.lcshAttention--Psychological aspects
dc.titleFlow theory: advancing the two-dimensional conceptualization
dc.typeArticle
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