Traditional Indigenous forms of gambling and games
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Date
2021
Authors
HeavyShield, Marley
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology
Abstract
There is limited research that explores Indigenous gambling and gaming, and the research
that does exist focuses primarily on problem gambling and addiction. Western understandings of
gambling are not an appropriate lens to provide a full understanding of the cultural depth and
meaning behind traditional Indigenous games. Indigenous gaming has existed since pre colonization and occurs in many Indigenous cultures throughout North America. The following
research project explores traditional Blackfoot forms of gambling and games. The current study
used a mixed methods approach to collect data on Blackfoot traditional games and forms of
gambling. The first method was an anonymous, online survey that collected data on games
played today and demographics. The second method was key informant interviews with Elders
from the local Blackfoot community and collected data regarding the traditional context of
Blackfoot games. Survey results indicate that the most common game still played today is
handgame. Interview results corroborate this finding. Results of the interviews, drawn from a
thematic analysis performed in NVivo 12, show that gambling, types of games and their rules,
evident change, and relationships are the most prominent themes surrounding traditional games.
Traditional games are multifaceted at their core and serve various meaningful purposes in the
lives of players, with the majority of players viewing games positively. Through a combination
of scientific methods and Indigenous ways of knowing comes a history of Blackfoot gaming,
from tradition, through colonization, to the post-colonial present day – in which these games
continue to provide a connection to culture, spirituality, and community for Blackfoot Peoples.
By considering traditional games and forms of gambling from an Indigenous perspective, further
research can be better informed when engaging with Indigenous populations and exploring Indigenous-related topics
Description
64 p.
Keywords
Gambling , Games , Indigenous gaming , Blackfoot traditional games