Cardiovascular disease risk perception among community-dwelling adults in southwest Nigeria: a mixed-method study
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Date
2024
Authors
Awosoga, Olu A.
Oyewole, Olufemi O.
Adegoke, Opeyemi M
Odole, Adesola C.
Onyeso, Ogochukwu K.
Alumona, Chiedozie J.
Adeoye, Abiodun M.
Aweto, Happiness A.
Ige, Blessing S.
Adebayo, Adetola C.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Abstract
Objective
The rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains a global concern. In Nige-
ria, the current prevalence of CVD was 76.11% with its attendance burden. The CVD risk
perception of individuals is a precursor to the desired lifestyle modification necessary for
CVD prevention and management. This study assessed the CVD risk perception and socio-
demographic determinants among rural and urban dwellers in southwest Nigeria.
Methods
The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design involving concurrent data
collection. The participants’ CVD risk perception was obtained using the Perception of Risk
of Heart Disease Scale (quantitative data) and a validated focus group discussion (FGD)
guide (qualitative data). Quantitative analysis was completed using descriptive statistics,
Phi, Cramer’s V, and multivariate linear regression, while the FGD was thematically.
Results
The quantitative study involved 1,493 participants (62.4% women) with a mean age of 46.90
±15.65 years, while the FGD involved 53 participants (52.8% women) with a mean age of
50.10±13.5 years. Over a quarter (28%) of the participants had a poor CVD risk perception;
the mean score was 44.40±8.07. Rural residents had a significantly poorer CVD risk percep-
tion than their urban counterparts (Mean difference = -3.16, p<0.001). Having tertiary educa-
tion (β = 0.100, p < 0.001), living in urban areas (β = 0.174, p<0.001), and living in Lagos (β= 0.074, p = 0.013) and in Oyo, other than Ogun state (β = -0.156, p<0.001) significantly pre-
dicted having a good perception of CVD risk. FGD produced three themes: knowledge
about CVD, CVD risk factors, and CVD prevention.
Conclusion
Participants had a fair understanding of the causes and prevention of CVD. Yet, a substan-
tial portion underestimated their own risk of developing CVD, particularly rural dwellers and
people with lower education. More public health education is required to improve the CVD
risk perception in southwestern Nigeria.
Description
Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) applies
Keywords
Cardiovascular diseases , Medical risk factors , Nigeria , Risk perception
Citation
Awosoga, O. A., Oyewole, O. O., Adegoke, O. M., Odole, A. C., Onyeso, O. K., Alumona, C. J., Adeoye, A. M., Aweto, H. A., Ige, B. S., Adebayo, A. C., Odunaiya, T. L., Emmanuel, G. M., Sulaimon, N. B., & Odunaiya, N. A. (2024). Cardiovascular disease risk perception among community-dwelling adults in southwest Nigeria: A mixed-method study. PLoS ONE, 19(11), Article e0313578. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313578