(University of Ottawa Press, 2010) MacDonald, Heidi
Although women religious (commonly called nuns) have historically been a large
group of mostly professional women, they were regularly excluded from what the
Census of Canada defined as the work force. In the censuses from 1871 to 1991,
the categories in which nuns were enumerated varied, resulting in impossible fluctuations
in their numbers and under-reporting of their contributions to the work force.
Nor are the statistics provided by the Roman Catholic Church reliable for estimating
the number of nuns working in Canada in any given year. How nuns were reported
in the census has had significant implications for the ways in which they have been
portrayed or neglected by labour historians.