Biostratigraphic evidence relating to the age-old question of Hannibal's invasion of Italy, I: history and geological reconstruction

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dc.contributor.authorMahaney, William C.
dc.contributor.authorAllen, Christopher C. R.
dc.contributor.authorPentlavalli, Prasanna
dc.contributor.authorKulakova, Anna
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Jonathan M.
dc.contributor.authorDirszowsky, Randy W.
dc.contributor.authorWest, Allen
dc.contributor.authorKelleher, Brian
dc.contributor.authorJordan, Sean
dc.contributor.authorPulleyblank, C
dc.contributor.authorO'Reilly, Shane
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, B. T.
dc.contributor.authorLasberg, Katrin
dc.contributor.authorSomelar, Peeter
dc.contributor.authorGarneau, Michelle
dc.contributor.authorFinkelstein, S. A.
dc.contributor.authorSobol, M. K.
dc.contributor.authorKalm, Volli
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Pedro J. M.
dc.contributor.authorHancock, Ronald G. V.
dc.contributor.authorHart, Kris M.
dc.contributor.authorTricart, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorBarendregt, René W.
dc.contributor.authorBunch, Ted E.
dc.contributor.authorMilner, Michael W.
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-24T18:47:52Z
dc.date.available2021-11-24T18:47:52Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.descriptionOpen access article. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) appliesen_US
dc.description.abstractControversy over the alpine route that Hannibal of Carthage followed from the Rhône Basin into Italia has raged amongst classicists and ancient historians for over two millennia. The motivation for identifying the route taken by the Punic Army through the Alps lies in its potential for identifying sites of historical archaeological significance and for the resolution of one of history's most enduring quandaries. Here, we present stratigraphic, geochemical and microbiological evidence recovered from an alluvial floodplain mire located below the Col de la Traversette (~3000 m asl—above sea level) on the French/Italian border that potentially identifies the invasion route as the one originally proposed by Sir Gavin de Beer (de Beer 1974). The dated layer is termed the MAD bed (mass animal deposition) based on disrupted bedding, greatly increased organic carbon and key/specialized biological components/compounds, the latter reported in Part II of this paper. We propose that the highly abnormal churned up (bioturbated) bed was contaminated by the passage of Hannibal's animals, possibly thousands, feeding and watering at the site, during the early stage of Hannibal's invasion of Italia (218 bc).en_US
dc.description.peer-reviewYesen_US
dc.identifier.citationMahaney, W. C., Allen, C. C. R., Pentlavalli, P., Kulakova, A., Young, J. M., Dirszowsky, R. W., West, A., Kelleher, B., Jordan, S., Pulleyblank, C., O'Reilly, S., Murphy, B. T., Lasberg, K., Somelar, P., Garneau, M., Finkelstein, S. A., Sobol, M. K., Kalm, V., Costa, P. J. M.,...Milner, M. W. (2017). Biostratigraphic evidence relating to the age-old question of Hannibal's invasion of Italy, I: History and geological reconstruction. Archaeometry, 59(1), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12231en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/6097
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Geography and Environmenten_US
dc.publisher.facultyArts and Scienceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionYork Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionQueen's University Belfasten_US
dc.publisher.institutionLaurentian Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionGeoScience Consultingen_US
dc.publisher.institutionDublin City Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Tartuen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversité du Québec et Montréalen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Torontoen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversidade de Lisboaen_US
dc.publisher.institutionMcMaster Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionQueen Mary University of Londonen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversité Joseph Fourieren_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridgeen_US
dc.publisher.institutionNorthern Arizona Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionMWM Consultingen_US
dc.publisher.urlhttps://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12231en_US
dc.subjectHannibalic Waren_US
dc.subjectSecond Punic Waren_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental parametersen_US
dc.subjectInvasion route questionen_US
dc.subjectHannibal route enigmaen_US
dc.subjectAlluvial floodplain mire
dc.subjectMAD bed
dc.subjectMass animal deposit
dc.subject.lcshHannibal, 247 B.C.-182 B.C.
dc.subject.lcshPunic War, 2nd, 218-201 B.C.--Campaigns--Italy
dc.subject.lcshPunic War, 2nd, 218-201 B.C.--Environmental aspects
dc.titleBiostratigraphic evidence relating to the age-old question of Hannibal's invasion of Italy, I: history and geological reconstructionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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