A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis

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dc.contributor.authorSchwalm, Christopher R.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Christopher A.
dc.contributor.authorSchaefer, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Ryan S.
dc.contributor.authorArain, M. Altaf
dc.contributor.authorBaker, Ian T.
dc.contributor.authorBarr, Alan G.
dc.contributor.authorBlack, T. Andrew
dc.contributor.authorChen, Guangsheng
dc.contributor.authorChen, Jing M.
dc.contributor.authorCiais, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorDavis, Kenneth J.
dc.contributor.authorDesai, Ankur R.
dc.contributor.authorDietze, Michael C.
dc.contributor.authorDragoni, Danilo
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Marc L.
dc.contributor.authorFlanagan, Larry B.
dc.contributor.authorGrant, Robert F.
dc.contributor.authorGu, Lianhong
dc.contributor.authorHollinger, David Y.
dc.contributor.authorIzaurralde, R. Cesar
dc.contributor.authorKucharik, Christopher J.
dc.contributor.authorLafleur, Peter M.
dc.contributor.authorLaw, Beverly E.
dc.contributor.authorLi, Longhui
dc.contributor.authorLi, Zhengpeng
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Shuguang
dc.contributor.authorLokupitiya, Erandathie
dc.contributor.authorLuo, Yiqi
dc.contributor.authorMa, Siyan
dc.contributor.authorMargolis, Hank
dc.contributor.authorMatamala, Roser
dc.contributor.authorMcCaughey, Harry
dc.contributor.authorMonson, Russell K.
dc.contributor.authorOechel, Walter C.
dc.contributor.authorPeng, Changhui
dc.contributor.authorPoulter, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorPrice, David T.
dc.contributor.authorRicciuto, Daniel M.
dc.contributor.authorRiley, William J.
dc.contributor.authorSahoo, Alok Kumar
dc.contributor.authorSprintsin, Michael
dc.contributor.authorSun, Jianfeng
dc.contributor.authorTian, Hanqin
dc.contributor.authorTonitto, Christina
dc.contributor.authorVerbeeck, Hans
dc.contributor.authorVerma, Shashi B.
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-28T01:47:19Z
dc.date.available2019-08-28T01:47:19Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.descriptionSherpa Romeo green journal. Permission to archive final published versionen_US
dc.description.abstractOur current understanding of terrestrial carbon processes is represented in various models used to integrate and scale measurements of CO2 exchange from remote sensing and other spatiotemporal data. Yet assessments are rarely conducted to determine how well models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions. Using standardized data from the North American Carbon Program we compare observed and simulated monthly CO2 exchange from 44 eddy covariance flux towers in North America and 22 terrestrial biosphere models. The analysis period spans ∼220 site‐years, 10 biomes, and includes two large‐scale drought events, providing a natural experiment to evaluate model skill as a function of drought and seasonality. We evaluate models’ ability to simulate the seasonal cycle of CO2 exchange using multiple model skill metrics and analyze links between model characteristics, site history, and model skill. Overall model performance was poor; the difference between observations and simulations was ∼10 times observational uncertainty, with forested ecosystems better predicted than nonforested. Model‐data agreement was highest in summer and in temperate evergreen forests. In contrast, model performance declined in spring and fall, especially in ecosystems with large deciduous components, and in dry periods during the growing season. Models used across multiple biomes and sites, the mean model ensemble, and a model using assimilated parameter values showed high consistency with observations. Models with the highest skill across all biomes all used prescribed canopy phenology, calculated NEE as the difference between GPP and ecosystem respiration, and did not use a daily time step.en_US
dc.description.peer-reviewYesen_US
dc.identifier.citationSchwalm, C. R., Williams, C. A., Schaefer, K., Anderson, R., Arain, M. A., Baker, I.,...Verma, S. B. (2010). A model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis. Journal of Geophysical Research (Biogeosciences), 115, G00H05. doi:10.1029/2009JG001229en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10133/5529
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Unionen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Biological Sciencesen_US
dc.publisher.facultyArts and Scienceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionClark Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Colorado at Boulderen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Montanaen_US
dc.publisher.institutionMcMaster Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionColorado State Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionAtmospheric Science and Technology Directorateen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of British Columbiaen_US
dc.publisher.institutionAuburn Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Torontoen_US
dc.publisher.institutionLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environmenten_US
dc.publisher.institutionPennsylvania State Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Wisconsin-Madisonen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Illinoise at Urbana-Champaignen_US
dc.publisher.institutionIndiana Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Lethbridgeen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Albertaen_US
dc.publisher.institutionOak Ridge National Laboratoryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUSDA Forest Serviceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionPacific Northwest National Laboratoryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Marylanden_US
dc.publisher.institutionTrent Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionOregon State Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionASRC Research and Technology Solutionsen_US
dc.publisher.institutionEarth Resources Observation and Science Centeren_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Oklahomaen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Californiaen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversite Lavalen_US
dc.publisher.institutionArgonne National Laboratoryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionQueen's Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionSan Diego State Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Quebec at Montrealen_US
dc.publisher.institutionSwiss Federal Research Instituteen_US
dc.publisher.institutionCanadian Forest Serviceen_US
dc.publisher.institutionPrinceton Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionCornell Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionGhent Universityen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Nebraska-Lincolnen_US
dc.publisher.urlhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001229
dc.subjectCarbon modelingen_US
dc.subjectEcosystem modelsen_US
dc.subjectModel validationen_US
dc.subjectCarbon exchangeen_US
dc.subjectDroughten_US
dc.subjectNorth American Carbon Programen_US
dc.subjectEddy covariance
dc.titleA model-data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesisen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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